In 37 eyes, widefield montages with five fixation points were also obtained. Images (12 × 12-mm) foveal-centered optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) images were taken using the Zeiss Plex Elite 9000. Sixty-three eyes from 44 patients with proliferative DR (PDR) or non-PDR (NPDR) were included. evaluate whether retinal capillary nonperfusion is found predominantly adjacent to arteries or veins in eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR). my./health/articles/17059-how-does-blood-flow-through-your-body How does blood flow through your body? (2018).my./health/articles/17061-blood-vessels-illustrations opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/20-5-circulatory-pathways/ opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/20-1-structure-and-function-of-blood-vessels/ 20.1: Structure and function of blood vessels.You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Also arising from the common iliac artery, this artery eventually becomes the femoral artery. It also supplies the uterus and vagina in females. Derived from the common iliac artery, this artery supplies blood to the bladder, pelvis, and external portion of the genitals. This branch of the abdominal aorta divides into the internal and external iliac arteries. The gonadal arteries are paired arteries that send blood to the testes in males and the ovaries in females. These paired arteries send blood to the vertebrae and spinal cord. These paired arteries deliver blood to the kidneys. The adrenal arteries are paired arteries that send blood to the adrenal glands. These are paired arteries that supply blood to the diaphragm. Like the superior mesenteric artery, this artery also branches off of the abdominal aorta and supplies blood to the last portion of the large intestine, which includes the rectum. Also branching off of the abdominal aorta, it sends blood to the small intestine, pancreas, and most of the large intestine. Branching off from the abdominal aorta, the celiac trunk divides into smaller arteries that supply organs such as the stomach, liver, and spleen. The smallest arteries are called arterioles.Īrterioles connect to capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels and are where the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste occurs between the blood and the cells of the body.Īfter this exchange occurs, the blood enters the venous system, where it travels back toward the heart. The largest artery of the body is the aorta, which begins at the heart.Īs they move further from the heart, arteries branch off and become increasingly smaller. This layer predominantly provides structure and support.Īrteries come in a variety of sizes. The outermost layer that’s made up of elastic fibers and collagen. The middle, and often the thickest layer, that’s made up of smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers that can help control the diameter of the blood vessel. The innermost layer that’s made up of cells called endothelial cells as well as elastic fibers. The walls of arteries are three distinct layers: contain more smooth muscle tissue and less elastic fibers.are further from the heart where blood pressure is lower.contain more elastic fibers, which allows them to both expand and contract with the surges of blood that occur when the heart beats.are closer to the heart where blood pressure is highest. In the pulmonary circuit, oxygen-depleted blood is carried away from the heart and into the lungs where it can acquire fresh oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide.Īrteries can also be divided into elastic and muscular arteries based off of the material of their tunica media or middle layer. In this pathway, oxygen-rich blood is carried away from the heart and toward tissues of the body. Arteries carry blood away from the heart in two distinct pathways:
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